![]() However, packet loss in the wired medium is significantly less compared to the wireless medium. Thus, wireless connectivity may result in packet loss because the UDP protocol relies on continuous data streaming. The variety of obstacles contributes to blocking signals. Metal, concrete walls, metal lath, ceramic tiles, tinted glass, mirrors, and drywall are examples of the environment that can lead to network packet loss. In this type of attack, Zombies are instructed by the attacker to send IP packets which are formed incorrectly to the target machine with the intention to crash. Now let’s talk about the obstacles in that environment that can cause packet loss in wireless transfer. However, wireless signals encounter physical interruptions that impair devices from connected gateways. Such applications utilize UDP for information transmission. Since the fragmented packets usually cannot be reassembled. Some applications that use wireless connectivity are CCTV cameras, smart video doorbells, and smart sockets with WiFi. UDP Fragmentation attacks send large UDP packets (1500+ bytes) which consume more network bandwidth. Wired and wireless connectivity can affect the quality of signals positively as well as negatively. Network connectivity impacts the packets transmitted through a network. Hence, UDP is unreliable, and the end-to-end delivery of the packets is not guaranteed. Furthermore, the structure of UDP packets doesn’t support numbering, making it impossible to determine the number of missing packets from the receiver end. Additionally, it doesn’t support any retransmission method. ![]() The UDP doesn’t need to establish a connection before starting transmitting packets. Hence, if any segment gets lost while transmission, the receiver requests the sender to retransmit the specific segment. TCP establishes a connection, breaks the packets into segments, and adds a sequence number with all the segments. It uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for connection-oriented and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for connection-less delivery service. The transport layer in the OSI model supports connection-oriented as well as connection-less protocols for the delivery of the packets. Hence, several factors can cause packet loss, including massive connectivity from a source to a destination, software/hardware issues, and cyber attacks. In general, packet loss refers to data transmitted through a network but unable to reach its destination. Although, the transport layer is responsible for the complete delivery of the packets. Out of 7 layers, data transmission is a part of the networking layer. Each layer is responsible for carrying out specific functions: Based on the OSI model, any networking device can communicate with each other via seven layers: Application Layer, Presentation Layer, Session Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, Datalink Layer, and Physical Layer. Now in order to investigate the core reasons for packet loss in any network communication, let’s start the discussion with the different layers in networking.
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